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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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09188900.069
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1990-09-17
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BOOKS, Page 95The Curse Of MemoryBy R.Z. Sheppard
JERUSALEM: CITY OF MIRRORS
by Amos Elon
Little, Brown; 286 pages; $19.95
From the surrounding hills, walled Jerusalem looks like a
peaceful bit of heaven in gilded pinks and grays. Appearance was
never further from reality. "A golden basin filled with scorpions"
is the way an Arab geographer described the town ten centuries ago.
In the 1920s the novelist and polymath Arthur Koestler found the
residents still "poisoned by religion." Some 50 years later, Nobel
laureate Saul Bellow paid a visit and attempted to identify the
city's venomous complexity. "Instead of coming to clarity, one is
infected with disorder," Bellow concluded after his Jerusalem
experience.
The prominent Israeli author and Jerusalem resident Amos Elon
offers reasons why. The most basic: "Moslems ridiculed Christians
for pretending that God could have a son by a mortal woman.
Christians considered it preposterous that the archangels had
dictated the whole truth about God to an illiterate tribesman from
an obscure town in Arabia. Jews scorned both for their implausible
legends, unmindful that it might seem just as implausible that God
had made a special covenant with them only, leaving the rest of
mankind in darkness. Christians believed in the Eucharist but
regarded as absurd the refusal of Moslems and Jews to eat pork."
Elon's meditative and richly anecdotal history is concerned
not with who cast the first stone but rather with how great ideals
have been petrified and splintered. The frequently irrational
nature of rationalization is a constant theme. Some of the most
telling scenes are played out between sects of the same religion:
Muslims vs. Muslims, Orthodox Jews against less observant Jews, and
the squabbles among the various followers of Jesus. In Mea Shearim,
the religious Jewish enclave in the New City, there are
ultra-Orthodox and ultra-ultra-Orthodox. During the 1948 war, one
group of Jews even asserted they would rather live under Muslim
rule than under a secular Jewish government.
At the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, priests of six Christian
churches -- Greek, Latin, Armenian, Syrian, Coptic and Ethiopian
-- bicker and on occasion have thrown punches over access to nooks
and crannies. Elon's account has aspects of divine comedy. A
disputed ladder stands against a window since 1842. The literary
critic Edmund Wilson finds the centuries of architectural
renovations so macabre and claustrophobic that he rushes outside
to a bench, where he reads Dick Tracy in the International Herald
Tribune.
Of course, one tribe's sacred ground is another tribe's tourist
trap. But as a hometown boy and an intellectual, Elon is in
position to view his city as a potent idea and as a place of
conflict and amusement. He understands fully what Jerusalem means
to Christians, Muslims and Jews, yet he is not so detached that he
suppresses his gut feelings when describing Israel's taking of the
Western Wall during the 1967 war. Still, the question remains: What
are two decades in the story of a city that, by Elon's estimate,
has changed religious rule at least ten times in the past 1,900
years?
And it could happen again, in a flick of a scorpion's tail.
Elon sees present danger in the rise of a new fundamentalism in
which religion is the state. Islam contains the seeds of theocracy;
but so do rabbis with Uzis as well as Israelis whom Elon calls
"cowboys of the Apocalypse," Jewish zealots who want to pull down
the Dome of the Rock, near the Muslim Quarter, and replace it with
a "Third Temple."
Jerusalem, where one can read 4,000 years of trouble in the
stones, is extremism's natural habitat, an unavoidable reminder of
past glories and humiliations. Like others, Elon presents his city
as a paradox where centuries of hatred and violence have occurred
in the name of love and peace. But rather than punctuating this
familiar view with a shrug of resignation, he offers a bit of
fatalistic humor. "Where there is so much destructive memory," he
says, "a little forgetfulness may be in order." Jerusalem could use
a laugh.